13-3+CEW

Part A Questions:

1. Tsar Nicholas II's mother's name was Empress Maria. 2. Alexandria was born in Hesse, Germany. 3.     a. Tsar had four daughters. b. He had one son. c. The two youngest children were Anastasia and Alexei. 4.     a. Alexei suffered from Hemophilia. b. Hemophilia causes the blood to clot slowly, so those afflicted with the disease by bleed alot. c. He inherited this disease from his mother.

5. Tsarina Alexandra noticed the disorder in her young son, brother and two of her nephews. 7. Tsar Nicholas abdicated his throne in 1917. 8.     a. Vladimir Lenin became the leader during World War I.      b. The political party were the Bolsheviks. c. The family was imprisoned.

9.     a. It was the house that the Tsar and family stayed in until they were all executed. b. The entire family was executed.

10. A doctor, a nurse and two servants were executed along with the Imperial Family. a. The family jewels had been sewn into the women's corsets.

Part B Questions:

1. The burial site was in Yekaterinburg, Siberia. 2.    a. To determine whether or no the bodies belonged to the Romanov famiy. b.       1. To determine which were male and which were female. 2. To determine the race of the individual 3. To determine which were male and which were female 4. To determine the age and if it was a female, how many times she delivered a baby 5. Another way to determine age. 3.      a. There were 9 skeletons. b. There were 11 people who died in the massacre.

4.    a. Wisdom teeth indicate that the person was 22 years of age or older. b. Whether or not the person was age 18 or older. c. Whether or not the person was male or female. 6.     a. Anastasia and Alexei were msising from the gravesite. b. They were the only ones under the age of 18.

7. DNA was preserved and extracted from bones.

9.    a.Both DNA and mDNA have similar compounds within them b. mDNA is a circular loop. DNA is shaped entirely different from this.

10. We collect our mDNA from our mothers.

11.     a. They all got their mDNA from their mother Tsarina Alexandra. b. Tsarina inherited her mDNA from her mother. c. No, Tsar does not have the same mDNA as his children.

12.     a. All of their mDNa can be traced back to Queen Victoria. b. Prince Phillip of England, Duke of Edinburgh.

14. Skeleton #9 belonged to the nurse. 15. They needed a maternal relative alive that could be used from mtDNA comparison. 16. Skeleton #4 was the only match. 17. The royal doctor and the two adult male servants. 18. Because their mDNA matched. 19. He is a maternal relative. 21.    a. They got her DNA from her hair that was in a hair brush. b. They were not the same person because Alexandra was in fact, not the daughter and person she said she was. c. They were partially creamated after they were shot so the location of their remains are unknown.