DNA+Project-CMP

=Tandem Repeats=

ATTCGATTCGATTCG in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.
 * Tandem repeats** and variable number tandem repeats in DNA occur when a pattern of two or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other. An example would be:



(Tandem: next to each other)
 * STR:** short tandem repeat
 * VNTR:** variable number tandem repeat

Class of polymorphisms (two or more phenotypes existing among the same species) Occurs when two or more nucleotides are repeated in a pattern. The pattern is created when the repeated sequences are directly next to each other and are the same exact pattern repeated 2-6 times There are 13 places where repeats occur. No two people have the same number of repeats in their DNA strands
 * Short Tandem Repeats:**

STR is a shorter sequence or repeat than a VNTR.

__Importance in DNA Identification:__ The FBI uses a standard set of specific STR regions of CODIS. A software program known as CODIS operates local, state and national databases of DNA profiles from convicted offenders, missing persons and unsolved crime scene evidence. There is a very small change that two individuals would have the same repeated sequence in their thirteen DNA chains.



Each individual has a different number of repeats within their DNA Short sequences of DNA are repeated multiple times in non-coding sections of DNA. There are 13 places where VNTRs can be found, and no two individuals have the same number of repeats in the same places.
 * Variable Number Tandem Repeats**
 * VNTR:** repetition of short DNA sequences of 9 to 80 base pairs. It has varying numbers of repeats among individuals.

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/DNA_1/4_VNTRs.cfm

__Importance in DNA Identification:__ Most common method used to identify a suspect in a case when blood appears in a crime scene. Used for fingerprinting. Used in crime scenes to find the suspect's or victim's DNA. It is a successful method used to identify a suspect in a crime scene investigations because it is very unlikely that two people involved would have the same repeated base sequences within their DNA. It can clearly eliminate and identify an individual suspect. (It became a popular method in the mid- to late-1900's.)



ornl.gov Wikipedia:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNTR
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeat
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_%28biology%29