Blood+Chap+8+JO

what is it made of?: -Cells -Plasma -Enzymes
 * Nature of Blood**

-mainly H2O; composes 55% of make-up 45% comes from solid material -red blood, white blood, platelets, (suspended in plasma) --> Serum: the liquid that separates from blood when a clot is formed
 * Plasma:** the fluid portion of blood

1.**Platelets** aid in clothing and repair damaged blood vessels

2.**Red Blood Cells** (erythrocytes) (RBC): Responsible for carrying oxygen 'transport' to places that need it; also helps get rid of the CO2 in the places that don't need it. -use __Hemoglobin__ an Fe containing protein that binds O2 - responsible for red color in blood -Blood type

3.**White Blood Cells** (leukocytes) (WBC): defense and immunity -Several types -Sometypes surround, engulf and digest foreign substances in body "virus, bacteria..." -Some secrete antibodies - ** only blood cell that (contains a nucleus) gives DNA**

-specific to a foreign substance (vaccines: given a little of this virus in order to allow the body to create antibodies for them) 1. B Lymphocytes (type WBC) make specific antibodies against the foreign protein and bind to foreign substance. 2. Phagocytes (type WBC) engulf the invader --> millions of antigens on surface of each RBC --> blood antigens are grouped into more then 15 different systems: grouped depending on how they relate to each other
 * Antigens and Antibodies:**
 * Antigen:** a protein that stimulates the production of antibodies
 * Antibodies:** proteins secreted by WBC that attach to antigens
 * Antigen - Antibody Response**: when immune system (WBC) recognizes a substance as foreign it attacks it in two ways

A-B-O and RH blood type system Most Popular blood type A B AB O

If anti-B (the antibody against the B antigen) is added to type B blood, the blood agglutinates... Blood clumping. Nature made it so that Type **A** Blood contains **B** antibodies (Anti-B) and **A** antigens Type **B** Blood contains **A** antibodies (Anti-A) and **B** antigens Type **AB** Blood contains **NO** (neither A or B) antibodies and **AB** antigens Type **O** Blood contains **AB** antibodies and **NO** (neither A or B) antigens

when A and B Blood meet (blood transfusion) A+ meets B+ and the Anti-B antibodies combines with/ attaches to the B antigens also Anti-A In person 2s blood which binds with A antigens in person 1s blood (which also agglutinates)
 * TEST ANSWER**--> Anti-B from person 1 would bind to the B antigen on person 2 causing the blood to clump (**Agglutination**)