R1-28+notes+AF

Scene of the Crime- Ch.1 -Crime scene→burglary to murder -They can be anywhere, even a body a crime scene -Crime scene analysis, combination of “criminalistics and criminology” -Criminalistics- actually using science on physical evidence, bloodstains, DNA, bullet trajectories -Criminology- coming from a mental angle, studying the crime scene for motives, traits, and behavior that helps to discover the mystery -When a site becomes a crime scene, must preserve it for evidence The Initial Call- -Investigators at a crime scene note the time of the call for the scene and write down any “pertinent observations” -Doors or windows open, -Do not touch anything -Officers pay very close attention to the details of the room -Investigators decide that whoever was at the scene either took away or left something -“Whether subjects left of took something is up to the C.S.I. to make the connections” -There cannot be too many officers, too many footsteps at the crime scene -Officer records the person’s damage at the crime scene and description of wounds and injuries -If the predator is there, they are arrested -Marked tape around scene keeps the evidence alive or not destroyed -Detectives are in charge of the investigation, “rule over the crime scene” -CSI does a “grid search” they walk the area they think is the crime scene, shoulder to shoulder -They stop when someone in the line thinks that this is evidence, this continues until everything is collected -The 24 hour period is the best because witness remember well and the crime scene has not been disturbed -The suspect’s trail is preserved -Investigators decide if a search warrant is needed -The court discard the evidence if a search of evidence was made without protecting the people’s rights -If the person who owns the property gives permission then the search is legal -If not the warrant can only be obtained from a judge -They have to state exactly why they deserve the search for the case -Only if there is compelling reasons Types of Evidence- -Testimonial and physical -Testimonial- comes from a person who was near the scene and saw something -These people are separated, detained, and interviewed -Physical evidence is grouped into 5 categories- 1. Temporary 2. Conditional 3. Associative 4. Pattern -Blood, tire treads, residue or evidence 5. Trace/Transfer -Produced by physical contact with the surface -Forensic- “application of the scientific method to legal proceedings” -Civil or criminal cases, in crime scenes -Look for things that should not be there -Looking for: fingerprints, impressions from tools, shoes, car tires, fabric, teeth, body fluids, blood, hair, glass, weapons, questioned documents, -Evidence collected at the scene -Prove that a crime has been committed, indicate key aspects of the crime, corroborate any testimony given by witnesses, help to exonerate a suspect who is innocent, provide leads for further investigation, pressure suspects into giving confessions -Different kits such as a kit for fingerprinting, a casting kit for tire and footprint impressions, a kit to take impressions from tool marks, for shooting, a laser trajectory kit, a kit to collect evidence such as tweezers, gunshot residue kits, equipment for detecting the presence of blood, a serology kit (collection of any type of bodily fluid), a kit for collecting entomology specimens (specimen jars, waxed containers), a hazmat kit that tells if there is a hazardous situation, a sexual assault kit Forensic Specialties- Anthropologist-examine bones Artist/sculptor- provides sketches of the offender Accountant- does financial investigations Ballistics expert- knows about how a firearm and bullet projectile works Botanist-looks at plants and studies them, growth and plant spores Chemist/trace expert: studies the molecules in evidence, does toxicology Dactyloscopist: analyzes fingerprints Entomologist: studies different stages of insects Geologist: studies soil content to provide information to where a body has been Geographical profiler, Linguist, Mental health expert, Odontologist/dentist, serologist are others. The Coroner -A coroner is in charge when there is a body -Investigates all deaths by violence, orders autopsies, provides identification of victims, conducts inquests, holds unidentified remains in the morgue, keeps violent death statistics Photographing the Scene- -Use black and white, camera’s with different lenses, bring separate flashes, a tripod, a photograph log to keep track of each shot, filters for better depth, take at least two photos for each shot -First walk through the scene, provide photographs from several different angles, take an overview photo, each item of evidence is photographed in close detail -Photos taken of wounds, ligature marks, bit marks, bruises -Photos of tire treads, fingerprints, and blood Collecting and Preserving Evidence.