Sarah+Shepard

Down the Drain Notes- SES
 * __CSI EPISODES__**

Forensic Specialist Powerpoint SES& CT Serial Killer Project SES
 * __Projects__

__Notes__ __Charles Manson Video Notes__ ses __ serial killer definition SES

fingerprint chapter notes ses

Forensic community's reponse to sept. 11 Case Study SES

__**pg 193 lab activity 7.7 SES

Bone questions SES

iceman notes ses pg 48-60 hw ses__**

Craigslist Killer SES

Body Farm Notes __**-Kay Scarpetta- main female character, doctor (coroner), in love with Wesley, Marino is in love with her, her niece is following in her footsteps but shes not happy about it, used to work with live people now works on the dead. -Marino- Workin on case of the 9 year old raped/killed girl, in love with Scarpetta, has an anger problem, - Wesley- married but in love with Scarpetta, working on case with them - ferguson- died due to strangulation, masterbating on stool, suspect because a square of skin was found in his freezer that matches katies blood type. the underwear he was wearing had Mrs steiners fingerprints on them. -Dr. Jenrette- the coroner who did the autopsy on Ferguson and the little girl, - Mrs. Steiner- mom of dead girl, hysterical, very attractive, Marino cant stop staring at her - Gault- their current suspect (serial killer), Marino is certain it is him - Lucy- niece, lesbian, loves her job. Creed Lindsey- janitor at the school katie went to. He likes little kids. Suspect in hit& run killing a little boy on his bike 4 yrs ago. suspect in the killing of katie cause apparently he really liked her. maybe felt guilt about hitting that boy so he has been trying to make it up with other kids

blaze orange, flame retarded duck tape pith wood, dust mites, wool fibers on skin**__

Blood Detection By Chemical Methods Notes

-__**__Crystal Tests**: Haem forms crystals when reacted with certain reagents - based on the formation of haemaglobin derivative crystals such as haematin, haemin and haemachromogen. - the best known of the crystal tests is that developed by Takayama about 80 yrs ago. when an alkaline solution is added to the stain and blood is present pink crystays of a complex between pyridine and haem form as the slide is warmed. - Generally accepted that positive results comfirm the presence of blood. The sensitivity is about .001 mL of blood or .1 of haemaglobin. - Bloodstains up to 20 years old have given positive results in crystal tests.**
 * __-Detection of blood is based on 1 of 3 classes of methods

- Catalytic tests: **These tests rely on the fact that haem can catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide producing a colour change, it is important to note that a positive test doesn't mean that a given stain is blookd, let alone that it is human blood, as various enzymes and certain metals can also give positive results. - These methods depend on the fact that the haem group of haemoglobin possesses a peroxidase-like activity which catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. - Kastle- Meyer test: the reaction with 3-aminophthalhydrazide (luminol) to form a luminescent rather than a coloured product is also a catalytic test. - Sangur test sticks- intended for the detection of blood in urine in clinical situations but are equally useful as a screening test for dried bloodstains. - The catalytic tests are extremely sensitive ( blood can be detected to dilutions of about 1 in 100,000) but are subject to a number of interferences and are therefore not totally specific for blood. - when testing outdoors: many types of plant materials can be present and interfere with testing and When testing in a vehicle: many metals are present and can interfere.

-**Instrumental Methods: **Chromatography can be used to identify the presence of haemoglobin. - Can be used to confirm the identity of blood using the absorbance of haemoglobin for detection and can also be used to identify the species of origin from variations in globin chains to distinguish foetal haemaglobin from adult haemoglobin and to give an estimate of the age of a bloodstain.
 * in all of these tests its important to ensure that the chemical reactions don't prevent later test being done to help to identify who the blood belongs to.**__

APPLICATION**__ - Confirmation that visible stains are (probably) blood** - **Usually done by using either the Sangur sticks -require only to be rubbed gently on the stain and moistened. an immidiate change in color from pale yellow to intense greenish blue indicates the presence of blood. - or the Kastle- Meyer Test - solution is colorless. Oxidation with haemolobin and peroxide causes an instant color change to the well known bright pink.**

- Detection of non-visible bloodstains -Application is in the areas where blood may be present but its difficult to see. - a positive reaction can also sometimes be given by bloodstained clothing which has been washed. - solution is applied as a spray and the presence of blood produces a bluish luminescence which persists for about 45 seconds - not specific to blood and can also be a positive reaction with some plant enzymes, oxidising agents and metals.**
 * -Carried out using Luminol

-Enhancement of blood stains. - Luminol can me used in this process but again detail can be lost by excessive spraying of the stain and photograhy is often difficult. - Leucocrystal violet is being used extensively for shoeprint enhancement with considerable success.**
 * -in cases of partial shoe prints or fingerprints in blood thre is often more of the print present that can be seen and treatment of the print with a chemical can often produce a much more detailed print.

Subsequent reactions of stains treated with blood detecting reagents -** next question is "Whose blood?" -the Sangur or Kastle-Meyer Tests use only a small part of the stain and a major part remains for further testing. otherwise it interferes with further testing.

Werewolf CSI SES