Exam+Definitions-CMP

=Fingerprinting:=
 * Arch:** a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern originates from one side of the print and leaves from the other side
 * Core:** a center of a loop or whorl
 * Delta:** a triangular ridge pattern with ridges that go in different directions above and below a triangle
 * Fingerprint:** an impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by the ridges on a finger
 * Latent Fingerprint:** a hidden fingerprint made visible through the use of powders or other techniques
 * Loop:** a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern flows inward and returns in the direction of the origin
 * Minutiae:** the combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each unique
 * Patent Fingerprint:** a visible fingerprint that happens when fingers with blood, ink, or some other substance on them touch a surface and transfer the pattern of their fingerprint to that surface
 * Plastic Fingerprint:** a three-dimensional fingerprint made in soft material such as clay, soap, or putty
 * Ridge Pattern:** the recognizable pattern of the ridges found in the end joints of fingers that form lines on the surface of objects in a fingerprint. They fall into three categories: loops, arches, and whorls
 * Ten Card:** a form used to record and preserve a person's fingerprints
 * Whorl:** a fingerprint pattern that resembles a bull's-eye

=DNA Fingerprinting:=
 * Allele:** an alternate form of a gene; for example, a gene for human hair color may have alleles that cause red or brown hair
 * Chromosome:** a cell structure that contains genetic information along strands of DNA
 * DNA Fingerprint:** pattern on DNA fragments obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs
 * DNA Probe:** a molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope, dye, or enzyme that is used to locate a particular sequence or gene on a DNA molecule
 * Electrophoresis:** a method of separating molecules, such as DNA, according to their size and electrical charge using an electric current passed through a gel containing the samples
 * Gene:** segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein or an RNA molecule
 * PCR:** polymerase chain reaction; a method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA; can be used to make millions of copies of DNA from a very small amount of DNA
 * Restriction Enzyme:** a molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific, base sequence
 * STR:** short tandem repeat; tandem (next to each other) repeats of short DNA sequences (two to five base pairs) with varying numbers of repeats found among individuals
 * VNTR:** variable number tandem repeat; tandem repeats of a short DNA sequence (9 to 80 base pairs) with varying numbers of repeats among an individual

=Hair:= 1. __Follicle:__ Club-shaped structure inside skin 2. __Shaft:__ Composed of keratin (protein), made up of chain of amino acids which make hair strong. → __Papilla:__ Blood vessels located at the end of the follicle, which provide nutrients to feed the hair. → __Sebaceous Gland:__ Secretes oil which keeps hair oily and conditioned.
 * Class Evidence**: material that connects an individual or thing to a certain group
 * Comparison Microscope**: a compound microscope that allows the side-by-side comparison of samples, such as of hair of fibers
 * Cortex**: the region of a hair located outside of the medulla containing granules granules of pigment
 * Cuticle:** the tough outer covering of a hair composed of overlapping scales
 * Hair Follicle**: the actively growing root or base of a hair containing DNA and living cells
 * Individual Evidence:** a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing
 * Keratin:** a type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair
 * Medulla:** the central core of a hair fiber
 * Melanin Granules:** bits of pigment found in the cortex of a hair
 * Neutron Activation Analysis:** a method of analysis that determines composition of elements in a sample
 * Trace Evidence:** small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene

=Ballistics:=
 * Ballistics** - the study of projectiles (bullets) and firearms
 * Barrel** - the long, metal tube that guides a projectile out of a firearm
 * Breech** - the end of the barrel attached to the firing mechanism of a firearm where the cartridge is loaded and unloaded
 * Bullet -** the projectile that is released when a firearm is discharged
 * Caliber** - a measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel
 * Cartridge** - a case that holds a bullet, primer powder, and gunpowder
 * Firearm** - a weapon capable of firing a projectile using a confined explosive as a propellant
 * Fully Automatic -** a firearm with a clip-fed mechanism that fires repeatedly as long as the trigger is pressed
 * Gunshot Residue(GSR)** - the tiny particles expelled from a firearm when it is fired
 * Lands and Grooves** - the ridges(lands) and depressions(grooves) found on the inside of a firearm's barrel that are created when the firearm is manufactured
 * Muzzle** - the end of the barrel from which the projectile exits a firearm
 * Pistol** - a hand-held firearm
 * Revolver** - a pistol with a revolving cylinder
 * Rifle -** a firearm that has a long barrel; a long gun
 * Rifling** - the spiral pattern of lands and grooves in the barrel of a firearm
 * Semiautomatic** - a pistol with a clip-fed mechanism that fires one shot per pull of the trigger; the empty cartridge ejects and the next cartridge advances automatically.
 * Shell Casing** - the metal (usually brass) housing for the gunpowder of a firearm
 * Trajectory** - the path of flight of a projectile