Anthropology+chapter-RJ

Part A. 1. Empress Maria 2. Russia 3a. 4 daughters b. 1 son c. Anastasia and Alexei 4a. Hemophilia b. Blood clots slowly c. His mother 5. Brother and 2 nephews 7. March 2, 1917 8a. Vladimir Lenin b. Bolsheviks c. Poverty of the land 9a. House of Special Purpose b. Tsar family was executed without a trial 10a. The Imperial Family b. Family jewels

Part B. 1. Yekaterinburg, Siberia 2. a. determine whether or not remains that have been found a few miles away in the wooded area, are those the Romanov families or not b. 1. the ridges and mastoid prominences and the muscular insertions determine if they are male or female 2.By evaluating the orbits, the mandible, the mouth, the race of the individual. 3. the pelvic girdle by the opening in the pelvis, determines male or female. 4.By looking at ridges where pubic bones meet, it gives a good indication of age of the individual if the individual is a female and how many times she delivered babies, because the pubic bones separate that time. But the pubic ridges get smoother and smoother in males and females as we get older. Also by sectioning of the long bones, the femur the thigh bones, the humerus in particular one can also get a good indication of the age of decedent. Looking at this under a microscope and seeing certain cellular development. So by using all of these techniques, we are able to get a good indication of race, age. 5. By measuring the length of the bones, especially the thigh bones, the leg bones, the arm bones we can determine height by measuring all these bones, and looking at tables that had been developed to show different races, how long each of these bones is, when analyzed and measured for different age groups. 3. 9 skeletons were discovered and 11 people were reported shot there 4. Wisdom teeth: they determine how old someone is. if they have wisdom teeth then they are 22 yrs. or older and if they don't have wisdom teeth then they are younger than 21 yrs. old. Vertebrae: if there are rings between the vertebrae then they are at least 18 yrs. old but if the rings have not fused then they are younger that 17 yrs. old pelvic region: the female has a larger opening and the males have a smaller opening. 6. Prince Alexei and Princess Anastasia were missing b/c no skeleton was found under the age of 18 7. DNA 9. Mitochondrial DNA exists as a circular loop of double-stranded DNA rather than the linear form found in nuclear DNA. They are made up of the same units or nucleotides. 10. our mother 11. a. from their mother b. Tsarina inherited it from her mother c. No b/c he inherited it from his mother and didn't pass it on 12a. Their mother b. Prince Phillip of England Duke of Edinburgh 14. Female over 32 years old 15. Because he has the mDNA of the family 16. Nicholas II 17. Skeletons 1,2,8 18. They wanted to see if that was Anastasia's. 19. Because it was being compared to Anna's. 21a. She was treated at a hospital and they had intestinal tissue on a microscope slide. b. It wasn't because after DNA testing of the slide and the testing of the hair sample they had at Harvard she did not prove to be the daughter of Alexadra and Nicholas Romanov c. They were partially cremated and the soldiers scattered their remains.