DNA+class+power+point+presentations+LD

March 31, 2008

DNA - Makes new proteins that make up biological traits - Holds info to control all cells in the body - Generic - In nucleus of cells RNA- duplicate of DNA - 4 different parts called nucleotides - Nucleotides made of sugar - 4 nitrogenous base split into two categories - Purines double ring DNA (A,G) - Pyrimidine double ring (C,T) - nitrogenous held together by weaker hydrogen bond, more of a force, not actually touching - Attraction bonds the certain pairs, pair up based on space - 3 billion pairs in each cell - 3 billion put into 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs - sex chromosomes, determine gender - Mother always passes on an x chromosome, father passes on x or y - 23rd chromosome determines the gender

DNA probe - probe- strand of base pairs that is specific to the individuals base pairs, complementary DNA - victims DNA, suspects DNA, get the DNA of the person that is in question - Insert DNA into the probe and allow it to match, line up, find match to the suspect or blood - specific sequence of DNA - Used in crime scene to solve who's blood is involved in the crime - tiny piece of DNA, smaller than ones in cell - double helix is melted, uncoil into two separate strands of DNA - annealing

PCR - Polymerase chain reactions - extension, replicates, send out, multiple tests, in case one gets messed up during testing - break hydrogen bond, make single strands by heating it to 94-94 degrees celcius - fails a lot because of specific heat - annealing- after heating, cool it, combining, synthesis - many uses - helps to diagnose genetic disorders, make multiple copies in order to compare it - In a test tube, put in the DNA, the taq, the 2 primers, nucleotides, loading buffer

Electrophoresis -